A Course in Conversational
Malay
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BAGAIMANA RUPA CIKGU ALI? What Does Cikgu Ali Look Like? |
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Azizah: Sofiah: Azizah: Sofiah: |
Sofiah nak1 pergi ke2 mana? Saya ada kelas3. Kelas apa? Kelas bahasa4 Inggeris5. |
Where are you going? I have a class. What class? An English class. |
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PERKATAAN TAMBAHAN bahasa Inggeris bahasa Cina5 bahasa Jerman bahasa Perancis bahasa Sepanyol bahasa Jepun5 bahasa Portugis bahasa Belanda bahasa Filipina bahasa Arab |
English Chinese German French Spanish Japanese Portuguese Dutch Filipino Arabic |
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NOTA |
| 7.1.1 |
Nak is the short form for hendak. It is this short form which is most commonly used in conversational Malay. Nak indicates intention and in this way marks actions which are intended to be performed. From the viewpoint of English it may be seen as a future marker, translating sometimes as "will" and sometimes as "going to". Because nak also indicates desire, it also translates into English as "want to" and "would like to', depending on its use in a conversation. It shares this usage with mahu as
mentioned in Notes 6.1. Nak is marked in the structure section with IA standing for "intended action". In Indonesia, mau is used in place of nak. |
| 7.1.2 |
Ke is a preposition which shows movement and, thus, it has a function different from that of di, introduced in Dialogue 1.3, which marks stationary locations. It translates into English as "to" or "towards". Ke is used before place nouns serving as locations, while kepada is used before indirect objects and people. There was an example of kepada in Dialogue 4.3. It is possible to leave out the verb pergi in the preceding dialogue if ke is retained. You can also say Sofiah nak ke mana? or Sofiah mahu ke mana retaining the same meaning as Sofiah nak pergi ke mana? Students will hear this type of structure very commonly used in Indonesia. Ke is equivalent only to the English preposition "to" and not to the English verbal infinitive "to". In other words "to eat" in Malay is makan and not *ke makan. |
| 7.1.3 |
Kelas is the English word "class" borrowed into Malay. The word for "course" is another loan word, kursus. In Indonesia kelas means "classroom". Kuliah [university lecture] refers to what is studied in the classroom. In Indonesia, a particular subject of study at a university is mata kuliah. In Malaysia this is referred to as kursus. In high school or primary school, in Malaysia
and Indonesia, a subject of study is mata pelajaran. |
| 7.1.4 |
Bahasa as mentioned in Notes 3.3, means "language". Bahasa Malaysia means literally "the language of Malaysia", in the same way that bahasa Perancis and bahasa Cina mean respectively "the language of France" and "the language of China". Use bahasa to indicate a language name. You will find, however, that in conversation bahasa may be omitted preceding a language name if it is
clear from the context that the name of a language and not the name of a country is intended. Malays say cakap Jepun and cakap bahasa Jepun, though the second usage is preferred. To refer to the people of a particular country, orang is used before the country name: orang Sepanyol [a Spaniard], orang Jerman [a German], orang Australia (or in Indonesia, orang Australi) [an Australian]. Bangsa specifically means "race" or "nationality". |
| 7.1.5 | Inggeris, Cina, Jepun - Inggeris in Indonesia is spelled Inggris and also means "England". In Malaysia, England is used for the country name. In Singapore and Indonesia bahasa Tionghoa is used politely to refer to the "Chinese language" and Tiongkok to the country "China". This last usage is less common in Malaysia, although in Malaysia the country is usually spelled China, presumably at the request of the country in question. Cina is used in all Malay speaking countries to refer conversationally to the language, the people and the country. Jepun is Jepang in Indonesian, both the country and the language. |
7.1.1 |
Sofiah Sofiah |
nak IA |
pergi go |
ke to |
mana? where |
Saya I |
ada have |
kelas class |
| 7.1.2 |
Kelas Class |
apa? what? |
Kelas Class |
bahasa language |
Inggeris English |
| 7.1.1 |
Question: Reply: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. |
Sofiah nak tumpang kereta Hassan? Ya, dia pun pergi ke universiti. Student A asks one of the following questions. Student B then replies in any appropriate manner. Are you going to drive to the university? Are you going to take (ride) the bus? Are you going to park your car over there? Is Sally going to meet Kassim? Are you going to sit down here? Is your uncle going to work? Is your older brother going to walk to school? Are you going to wait for me near that tree? Are your grandparents going to listen to the radio? Are you going to help your parents? |
| 7.1.2 |
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. |
Question: Reply: Spanish English German French Japanese Portuguese Dutch Filipino Arabic Tamil (Tamil) |
Tahu bagaimana cakap bahasa Cina? Ya, saya tahu. Saya belajar bahasa itu di universiti. Student A asks a question following the English cue and incorporating the underlined words in the model. Student B then replies, first using the reply in the model, then adding a further comment. Suggested comments are given. Bagaimana means "how". I went to Spain. I was born in England (England). My older sister also knows German. I come from France. I lived in Japan. I live near a Portuguese family. My younger brother and I studied in Amsterdam. The Philippines isn't far from Malaysia. I worked in Egypt (Mesir). My uncle is an Indian (orang India). |
| 7.1.3 |
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. |
Exchange: A: B: A: |
Tolong jawab. Jawab apa? Jawab apa yang saya tanya. Student A begins the exchange by asking a question following the model and one of the given English cues. Use tolong for "please" if you are making a request, and sila if you are extending an invitation. Student B then replies appropriately also following the model and the English cues. Student A then ends the exchange with an appropriate answer. Refer to Notes 2.1.3 and 2.3.4. Both sila and tolong may be correct for particular utterances depending upon your intended meaning. Please come in. ... into where? Please sit down. ... where? Please speak. ... in what language? Please get in (ride). ... get in (ride) what? Please listen. ... (to) what? Please ask.... who? Please come. ... by (with) what? Please say you're sorry. ... to (from) whom? Please point. ... to what? Please wait. ... where? |
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 Grammar |
 Indonesian |
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 Bikol Dictionary |
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